Contemporary Legal Istimbat: Study on the Theory of Changes in Fatwa According to Yusuf Qardhawi

Amrin Amrin, Amirullah Amirullah

Abstract


This research departs from the problems faced by modern society and Muslims against the reality and actions that arise in response to the development and progress of the times in various aspects of life that require legal status (legal istinbat) as a guide in their lives, so the study aims to examine changes and the development of contemporary fatwas based on theory and changes according to Yusuf Qardhawi. The research uses qualitative research with a library research approach, while the data sources are al-Fatwa Baina al-Indibad aw al-Tasayyub, Mushkilat al-Faqr wa Kayfa 'Alajaha al-Islam, Fawaid al-Bunuk Hiya al-Riba al-Haram, Daur al-Qiyam al-Akhlaq fi Iqtisad al-Islamy and other books as for data analysis using qualitative.The results of the study are that Yusuf al-Qardhawi is a contemporary scholar who is an expert in Islamic law. In giving the fatwa, Yusuf al-Qardhawi pays attention to changes that occur, both changes that occur in classical times and changes that occur at this time that require legal terms or fatwas. As a legal product that is a response to the reality and problems that occur, Yusuf al-Qardhawi offers ten instruments with a fatwa that can change due to: First, Change of Place. Second, the changing times. Third, change in circumstances. Fourth, the change of 'urf. Fifth, Changes in Information/Knowledge. Sixth, Changes in Human Needs. Seventh, changes in human abilities. Eighth, changes in social, economic, and political situations. Ninth, change of opinion and thought, and tenth, general disaster.

Keywords: Yusuf Qardhawi; Fatwa; Contemporary

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini berangkat dari permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat modern dan umat Islam terhadap realitas dan tindakan yang muncul dalam menanggapi perkembangan dan kemajuan zaman dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan yang memerlukan status hukum (istimbat hukum) sebagai pedoman dalam kehidupannya, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan dan perkembangan fatwa kontemporer berdasarkan teori dan perubahan menurut Yusuf Qardhawi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan, sedangkan sumber datanya adalah al-Fatwa Baina al-Indibad aw al-Tasayyub, Mushkilat al-Faqr wa Kayfa 'Alajaha al-Islam, Fawaid al-Bunuk Hiya al-Riba al- Haram, Daur al-Qiyam al-Akhlaq fi Iqtisad al-Islamy dan kitab-kitab lainnya adapun analisis data menggunakan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah Yusuf al-Qardhawi adalah ulama kontemporer yang ahli dalam hukum Islam. Dalam memberikan fatwa, Yusuf al-Qardhawi memperhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi, baik perubahan yang terjadi pada zaman klasik maupun perubahan yang terjadi pada masa ini yang memerlukan ketentuan hukum atau fatwa. Sebagai produk hukum yang merupakan jawaban atas realitas dan permasalahan yang terjadi, Yusuf al-Qardhawi menawarkan sepuluh instrumen fatwa yang dapat berubah karena: Pertama, Perubahan Tempat. Kedua, perubahan zaman. Ketiga, perubahan keadaan. Keempat, perubahan 'urf. Kelima, Perubahan Informasi/Pengetahuan. Keenam, Perubahan Kebutuhan Manusia. Ketujuh, perubahan kemampuan manusia. Kedelapan, perubahan situasi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Kesembilan, perubahan pendapat dan pemikiran, dan kesepuluh, bencana umum.

Keywords: Yusuf Qardhawi; Fatwa; Kontemporer


Keywords


Yusuf Qardhawi; Fatwa; Contemporary

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdullah bin Bih. Sinaat Al-Fatwa Wa Fiqh Al-Aqalliyat. t.t: al-Markaz al-Alamy li al-Wasatiyyah, 2008.

Abdurrahman Qadir. Studi Pembaharuan Hukum Islam, Studi Pemikiran Yusuf Qardawi Tentang Zakat Profesi. Jakarta: IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 1990.

Agus, Mahfudin. “Ijtihad Kontemporer Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Dalam Pengembangan Hukum Islam.” Religi: Jurnal Studi Islam 5, no. 1 (2014): 21.

Ahmad Warson Al-Munawwi. Kamus Arab-Indonesia Cet.25. Surabaya: Pustaka Progresif, 2002.

Amrin dan Juryatina. “Students ’ Interest in Arabic Language Learning : The Roles of Teacher.” Journal of Educational Management and Intruction 1, no. 1 (2021): 40–49.

Amrin dan Miftahul Huda. “Metode Pemahaman Hadis (Kajian Perdebatan Hadis Tentang Mayit Disiksa Karena Tangisan Keluarga).” Ushuluna : Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin 7, no. 1 (2021): 48–63. https://doi.org/10.15408/ushuluna.v7i1.20548.

Amrin Khairusoalihin dan Muthoifin. “Tax modernization in indonesia : study of abu yusuf ’ s thinking on taxation in the book of al-kharaj.” Pofetika, Jurnal Studi Islam 23, no. 1 (2022): 30–42.

Asni, Fathullah. “Analysis of the Concept of Fatwa Uniformity According Mura’ah Al-Khilaf Method.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 8, no. 7 (2018): 156–64. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4331.

Baroudi, Sami E. “The Islamic Realism of Sheikh Yusuf Qaradawi (1926–) and Sayyid Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah (1935–2010).” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 43, no. 1 (2016): 94–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1067159.

Busyro, Busyro. “Bom Bunuh Diri Dalam Fatwa Kontemporer Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Dan Relevansinya Dengan Maqasid Al-Shari’ah.” IJTIHAD Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 16, no. 1 (2016): 85. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v16i1.85-103.

Departemen Agama RI. AL-JUMANATUL ‘ALI Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya. Bandung: CV. Penerbit J-ART, 2014.

Dkk, Abdul Aziz Dahlan. “Yusuf Al-Qardawi”, Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam, Jilid V. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve, 1997.

Harahap, Silmi Affan. “Studi Komparatif Fatwa Yusuf Qardawi Dan Syaikh Utsaimin Tentang Hukum Bercadar (Menutup Wajah).” Jurnal ’Adliya 12, no. 1 (2018).

Hermawan, Adik. “I’jaz Al-Qur an Dalam Pemikiran Yusuf Al-Qardhawi.” Jurnal Madaniyah 2, no. XI (2016): 205–25.

Imam Jalaluddin Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Mahally dan Jalaluddin Abd. Al- Rahman bin Abi Bakr al-Suyuty. Tafsir Al-Jalalayn, Cet.I. Beirut: Dar Ibn ‘Assasah, 1993.

Imam Syaukani. Konstruksi Epistemologi Hukum Islam Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Raja GrafindoPersada, 2006.

Irawan, Ibnu, Jayusman Jayusman, and Agus Hermanto. “Fatwa Contribution to the Development of Islamic Law (Study of The Fatwa Institute of Saudi Arabia).” FITRAH:Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 5, no. 2 (2019): 181–206. https://doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v5i2.1979.

Ishom Talimah. Manhaj Fikih Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2001.

Iskandar, A, M Yusram, “Analysis of Ijtihad Method and Istinbath Jurisprudence in Fatwā Dewan Syariah Wahdah Islamiyah Regarding the Use of Online Payment." Journal Economics and … 5, no. 1 (2020): 46–69. http://journal.iain-manado.ac.id/index.php/TJEBI/article/view/1102.

Maggalatung, A.S.; Aji, A.M.; Yunus, N.R. How The Law Works, Jakarta: Jurisprudence Institute, 2014.

Mukri, S.G.; Aji, A.M.; Yunus, N.R. Relation of Religion, Economy, and Constitution In The Structure of State Life, STAATSRECHT: Indonesian Constitutional Law Journal, Volume 1, No. 1. (2017)

Mukri, S.G.; Aji, A.M.; Yunus, N.R. "Implementation of Religious Education in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia," Salam: Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i, Volume 3 No. 3 (2016).

M. Atho Mudzar. Fiqh dan Reaktualisasi Ajaran Islam”, Dalam Buddhy Munawar Rachman (Ed), Kontesktualisasi Hukum Islam Dalam Sejarah. Jakarta: Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina, 1994.

M. Suryadi. Metode Kontemporer Memahami Hadis Nabi Perspektif Muhammad Al- Ghazali Dan Yusuf Al-Qardawi. Yogyakarta: Teras, 2008.

Mardani. Ushul Fiqh. Jakarta: Raja Wali, 2003.

Muh, Fathoni Hasyim. “Al-Bukhary Intellectul Genealogy: Tracing The Authorty Of An Expert Of Hadith and Fiqh.” SYARIAH : Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 19, no. 2 (2019): 141–63.

Muhammad bin Jarir bin Yazid bin Kathir bin Ghalib al-Amaly Abu Ja’far al-Tabary. Jami’ Al-Bayan Fi Ta’wil Al-Quran, Juz 14. t.t: Muassasat al-Risalah, 2000.

Muhammad Rowas Qal’aji. Mu’jam Lughah Al-Fuqaha. Beirut: Dar al-Nafais, 1988.

Mustafa al-Zarqa’. Al-Madkhal Al-Fiqhy Al-‘A m, Jilid 2. Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam, n.d.

Nasiri. Praktik Prostitusi GigoloAla Yusuf Al-Qardawi;Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Fatwa Kawin Misyar. Surabaya: Khalista, 2010.

Nukman Abdurrazaq Assamara. Pasang Surut Gerakan Islam. Jakarta: Media Dakwah, 1987.

Roibin. Sosiologi Hukum Islam: Telaah Sosio-Historis Pemikiran Imam Shafi’i. Malang: UIN Press, 2008.

Shobron; Amrin;, and Imron; Muthoifin Rosyadi. “Islamic Education Values in the Tradition of Peta Kapanca of Mbojo Community Tribe in West Nusa Tenggara Department of Islamic Law Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Indonesia Mut122@ums.Ac.Id.” International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (2020): 6802–12.

Taqiyuddin Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Abdul Mun’im al-Hisny. Kitab Al-Qawaid. Riyad: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1997.

Utami, Sari. “The Law of Online Zakat Based on the Application Providing Easiness in Transaction of Zakat Payment.” Al-Bayyinah 4, no. 2 (2020): 164–78. https://doi.org/10.35673/al-bayyinah.v4i2.774.

Wahbah al-Zuhaily. Al-Fikihu Al-Islami Wa Adillatuhu. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 2004.

Waris, Abdul. “Fiqh Patterns in the Interpretation of Al- Alūsī : An Analysis of Interpretation of Rūh Al- Ma ’ Ānī.” AL-Bayyina 5, no. 2 (2021): 142–56. https://doi.org/10.35673/al-bayyinah.v4i2.1762.

Yunus, N.R.; Anggraeni, RR Dewi.; Rezki, Annissa. "The Application of Legal Policy Theory and its relationship with Rechtsidee Theory to realize Welfare State," 'Adalah, Volume 3, No. 1 (2019).

Yusuf Qardhawi. Al-Fatwa Baina Al-Indibad Aw Al-Tasayyub,. Mesir: Maktabah Wahbah, 1997.

Yusuf Qardhawi.Bagaimana Memahami Hadis Nabi SAW, Penerj: Muhammad Al-Baqir, Cet.V. Bandung: Karisma, 1997.

Yusuf Qardhawi.Fatwa Antara Ketelitian dan Kerobohan. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 1997.

Yusuf Qardhawi.Mujibat Taghayyur Al-Fatwa Fi ‘Asrina, Cet.II. Mesir: Dar al-Shuruq, 2011.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32507/mizan.v6i1.1244

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Amrin Amrin, Amirullah Amirullah

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indexed by:

  

 


 

License

© Copyright CC BY-SA

web analytics View My Stats

Mizan, p-ISSN: 2598-974X, e-ISSN: 2598-6252

Mizan: Journal of Islamic Law Published by Department of Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah, Faculty of Tarbiyah, Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor in partnership with Himpunan Ilmuwan dan Sarjana Syariah Indonesia (HISSI) DKI Jakarta.

Editorial Office:

FAI Building, 1st Floor, Department of Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah, Kedung Badak, Bogor City, West Java, Indonesia 16162 Phone/Fax. 0251-849529, Email: Mizan@uika-bogor.ac.id