Contemporary Legal Istimbat: Study on the Theory of Changes in Fatwa According to Yusuf Qardhawi
Abstract
This research departs from the problems faced by modern society and Muslims against the reality and actions that arise in response to the development and progress of the times in various aspects of life that require legal status (legal istinbat) as a guide in their lives, so the study aims to examine changes and the development of contemporary fatwas based on theory and changes according to Yusuf Qardhawi. The research uses qualitative research with a library research approach, while the data sources are al-Fatwa Baina al-Indibad aw al-Tasayyub, Mushkilat al-Faqr wa Kayfa 'Alajaha al-Islam, Fawaid al-Bunuk Hiya al-Riba al-Haram, Daur al-Qiyam al-Akhlaq fi Iqtisad al-Islamy and other books as for data analysis using qualitative.The results of the study are that Yusuf al-Qardhawi is a contemporary scholar who is an expert in Islamic law. In giving the fatwa, Yusuf al-Qardhawi pays attention to changes that occur, both changes that occur in classical times and changes that occur at this time that require legal terms or fatwas. As a legal product that is a response to the reality and problems that occur, Yusuf al-Qardhawi offers ten instruments with a fatwa that can change due to: First, Change of Place. Second, the changing times. Third, change in circumstances. Fourth, the change of 'urf. Fifth, Changes in Information/Knowledge. Sixth, Changes in Human Needs. Seventh, changes in human abilities. Eighth, changes in social, economic, and political situations. Ninth, change of opinion and thought, and tenth, general disaster.
Keywords: Yusuf Qardhawi; Fatwa; Contemporary
Abstrak
Penelitian ini berangkat dari permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat modern dan umat Islam terhadap realitas dan tindakan yang muncul dalam menanggapi perkembangan dan kemajuan zaman dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan yang memerlukan status hukum (istimbat hukum) sebagai pedoman dalam kehidupannya, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan dan perkembangan fatwa kontemporer berdasarkan teori dan perubahan menurut Yusuf Qardhawi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan, sedangkan sumber datanya adalah al-Fatwa Baina al-Indibad aw al-Tasayyub, Mushkilat al-Faqr wa Kayfa 'Alajaha al-Islam, Fawaid al-Bunuk Hiya al-Riba al- Haram, Daur al-Qiyam al-Akhlaq fi Iqtisad al-Islamy dan kitab-kitab lainnya adapun analisis data menggunakan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah Yusuf al-Qardhawi adalah ulama kontemporer yang ahli dalam hukum Islam. Dalam memberikan fatwa, Yusuf al-Qardhawi memperhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi, baik perubahan yang terjadi pada zaman klasik maupun perubahan yang terjadi pada masa ini yang memerlukan ketentuan hukum atau fatwa. Sebagai produk hukum yang merupakan jawaban atas realitas dan permasalahan yang terjadi, Yusuf al-Qardhawi menawarkan sepuluh instrumen fatwa yang dapat berubah karena: Pertama, Perubahan Tempat. Kedua, perubahan zaman. Ketiga, perubahan keadaan. Keempat, perubahan 'urf. Kelima, Perubahan Informasi/Pengetahuan. Keenam, Perubahan Kebutuhan Manusia. Ketujuh, perubahan kemampuan manusia. Kedelapan, perubahan situasi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Kesembilan, perubahan pendapat dan pemikiran, dan kesepuluh, bencana umum.
Keywords: Yusuf Qardhawi; Fatwa; Kontemporer
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32507/mizan.v6i1.1244
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