Diskursus Gender Dalam Hukum Islam

Abstract

Abstract:

Gender discourse is an issue that has its distinct challenges in Islamic studies. This is due to the notion that gender discourse emerged from the western world and is also considered less linear with Islamic studies. The main cause of this impression is due to a lack of proportional understanding. Gender does not actually treat a person on the basis of sex, but on one's competence. If the gender approach is biological-natural and irreversible, then the gender approach is constructive-social, not natural, and thus can be altered. This paper argued that Qur'an Hadith as the primary source of Islam ensures that in the issues of position, worship, and law, men and women have equal position. Nonetheless, some aspects of fiqhiyah (Islamic jurisprudence) as an implementation of the primary source's understanding are still considered biased. The differences of thinking, the culture of society, and the challenges faced by imam fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence leaders) contribute to gender bias

Keywords: Gender, Islamic Law, Fiqh

Abstrak:

Wacana gender merupakan isu yang memiliki tantangan tersendiri dalam kajian keislaman. Di samping lahir dari dunia Barat, wacana ini dipandang kurang linier dengan kajian keislaman. Kesan ini cenderung didasarkan atas pemahaman yang kurang proporsional. Gender bukanlah memperlakukan seseorang atas dasar jenis kelamin, tetapi atas kompetensi seseorang. Jika pendekatan jenis kelamin itu bersifat biologis-kodrati dan tidak dapat diubah, maka pendekatan gender bersifat konstruk-sosial, bukan kodrati, dan dapat diubah. Sumber primer Islam, seperti Alquran Hadits, memastikan dalam persoalan kedudukan, ibadah, dan hukum antara laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki posisi yang sama. Namun, sebagian dari aspek fiqhiyah sebagai implementasi atas pemahaman sumber primer itu dipandang masih bias. Perbedaan pemikiran, budaya masyarakat, dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh para imam fiqh berkontribusi atas bias gender.

Kata Kunci: Gender, Hukum Islam, Fiqh