Makna Fii Sabilillah Sebagai Mustahiq Zakat Perspektif Sayyid Abu Bakar Asy-Syatho dan Yusuf Qardhawi

Abstract

Abstract:

This study discusses the differences of opinion of scholars related to mustahiq zakat, especially regarding faction sabilillah group. There is a difference of opinion between the classical cleric of Sayyid Abu Bakr Asy-Syatho and the contemporary cleric Yusuf Qardhawi. This research uses qualitative approach method and using research method of literature study. The main source of this research is the book of I'anah Ath-Tholibin by Sayyid Abu Bakr Asy-Syatho and the Book of Fiqh Al-Zakat by Yusuf Qardhawi. In the discussion of the meaning of fii sabilillah, the majority of the classical fiqh scholars such as Sayyid Abu Bakr Asy-Syatho narrow the meaning of fii sabilillah as jihad-oriented jihad through physical warfare, while the majority of contemporary fiqh scholars extend the meaning of fii sabilillah by not specializing in jihad affairs, orientate to the extent of jihad through physical warfare.

Keywords: Mustahiq Zakat, Sayyid Abu Bakr Asy Syatho, Yusuf Qardhawi

Abstrak:

Penelitian ini membahas tentang perbedaan pendapat ulama terkait mustahiq zakat, khususnya mengenai golongan fii sabilillah. Terjadi perbedaan pendapat antara tokoh ulama klasik yaitu Sayyid Abu Bakr Asy-Syatho dan tokoh ulama kontemporer yaitu Yusuf Qardhawi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan metode penelitian studi kepustakaan. Sumber utama penelitian ini adalah kitab I’anah Ath-Tholibin karangan Sayyid Abu Bakr Asy-Syatho dan Kitab Fiqh Al-Zakat karangan Yusuf Qardhawi. Dalam pembahasan tentang makna fii sabilillah mayoritas ulama fiqh klasik seperti Sayyid Abu Bakr Asy-Syatho mempersempit makna fii sabilillah sebagai jihad yang berorientasi pada jihad melalui peperangan secara fisik, sedangkan mayoritas ulama fiqh kontemporer meluaskan makna fii sabilillah dengan tidak mengkhususkannya dalam urusan jihad, dan tidak beriorientasi sebatas jihad melalui peperangan secara fisik.

Kata Kunci: Mustahiq Zakat, Sayyid Abu Bakr Asy Syatho, Yusuf Qardhawi