Batas Kebebasan Pers dan Hatespeech di Indonesia Dalam Demokrasi dan Fiqh Siyasah

Abstract

Freedom of the press is the fourth pillar of a free democracy that will lead to an intelligent, wise and clean government. Through the freedom of government performance can be known, so that the mechanism of checks and balances, control over power, as well as the community itself. But in fact, press freedom sometimes causes hate speech. This paper provides an understanding of how the limits of press freedom and Hate Speech in a democracy and how the limits of press freedom and Hate Speech in fiqh siyasah. This research uses literature study method. Conclusion (1) Freedom of the press is limited in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 1999 concerning the Press and the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 of 2002 concerning Broadcasting. Press freedom is also limited so as not to violate human rights. (2) Limitations on press freedom in siyasa fiqh are those that bind all rights that lead to broad problems, as stated in QS Al-Hujurat paragraph 12. Hate speech which can be categorized as slander in siyasa can be sentenced to ta'zir because it interferes with the public good.

Keywords: Press Freedom; Hate Speech; Fiqh Siyasah

Abstrak

Kebebasan pers merupakan pilar keempat demokrasi kebebasan yang akan memunculkan pemerintahan yang cerdas, bijaksana, dan bersih. Melalui kebebasan kinerja pemerintah dapat diketahui, sehingga muncul mekanisme check and balance, kontrol terhadap kekuasaan, maupun masyarakat sendiri. Namun faktanya, kebebasan pers terkadang menimbulkan hate speech. Tulisan ini memberikan pemahaman tentang bagaimana batas kebebasan pers dan Hate Speech dalam demokrasi dan bagaimana batas kebebasan pers dan Hate Speech dalam fiqh siyasah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Kesimpulan (1) Kebebasan pers dibatasi dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers dan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran. (2) Batasan kebebasan pers dalam fiqh siyasah adalah yang mengikat semua hak yang bermuara pada kemasalahatan luas, seperti yang termaktub dalam QS Al-Hujurat ayat 12. Ujaran kebencian (Hate Speech) yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai fitnah dalam siyasah dapat dijatuhi hukuman ta’zir karena mengganggu kemaslahatan umum.

Kata Kunci: Kebebasan Pers; Hate Speech; Fiqh Siyasah